GRAMMAR

▶ 動名詞

A 動名詞の形:意味上の主語を示す場合

The thought of my anointing myself with the title of “president” perturbed my father.

Ann is sure of her sonher son’spassing the examination.

B 動名詞の形:否定形・受動態・完了形

Paul realized that Stanford was missing a huge opportunity by not finding ways for the medical school to work with the engineering school to invent new medical technologies.

Sam has no chance of being elected captain of the team.

Jack is proud of having won the contest.
( = ... proud that he won ~.)

C 動名詞を用いた慣用表現

There is no telling what will happen tomorrow.

It would be no use owning a telephone if no one else had one.

It goes without saying that nothing is more important than health.

The art museum is worth visiting.

The roof of the house needs repairing.
= The roof of the house needs to be repaired.

I got used to learning that my father had received promotions.

On appearing on the stage, Lucy began to sing a lovely song.
As soon as Lucy appeared on the stage, she began to sing a lovely song.

You have to be very careful in using this machine.
= You have to be very careful when you use this machine.

Andy never goes out without losing his umbrella.