USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

1 come up with 〜「~を思いつく」

Linguists have come up with general rules for natural conversation.

2 amount の用法

a. The speaker should give the proper amount of information needed for the conversation.

b. With a certain amount of background knowledge about the culture, you can enjoy your trip to the country.

c. His loan amounts to about 30 million yen.

3 involved「 関係している」

a. Depending on the circumstances and the people involved, people bend the rules slightly.

b. We must be careful regarding the risks involved in a trade.

4 多義語serve

a. The man has served his country for twenty years.

b. Depending on the situation, this sentence may serve a variety of needs.

c. What kind of dessert do they serve?

d. The sentence may also serve as an invitation.

5 〈 not ... until〔 till〕 S+ V〉「S が Vするまで…ない,Sが V して初めて…する」

a. I was not happy until I left the park.

b. It was not until I became twenty that I began to eat tomatoes.
(= I did not begin to eat tomatoes until I became twenty.)

6 Would you mind ...ing?「…していただけませんか」

Would you mind opening the window?
cf. Would you mind my opening the window?

7 the way(s) in which ...「…する方法」

a. The examples are just some of the ways in which people choose to express themselves in conversation.

b. This is evident in the new ways in which we are communicating today.