1 come up with 〜「~を思いつく」
Linguists have come up with general rules for natural conversation.
2 amount の用法
a. The speaker should give the proper amount of information needed for the conversation.
b. With a certain amount of background knowledge about the culture, you can enjoy your trip to the country.
c. His loan amounts to about 30 million yen.
3 involved「 関係している」
a. Depending on the circumstances and the people involved, people bend the rules slightly.
b. We must be careful regarding the risks involved in a trade.
4 多義語serve
a. The man has served his country for twenty years.
b. Depending on the situation, this sentence may serve a variety of needs.
c. What kind of dessert do they serve?
d. The sentence may also serve as an invitation.
5 〈 not ... until〔 till〕 S+ V〉「S が Vするまで…ない,Sが V して初めて…する」
a. I was not happy until I left the park.
b. It was not until I became twenty that I began to eat tomatoes.
(= I did not
begin to eat tomatoes until I became twenty.)
6 Would you mind ...ing?「…していただけませんか」
Would you mind opening the window?
cf. Would you mind my opening the window?
7 the way(s) in which ...「…する方法」
a. The examples are just some of the ways in which people choose to express themselves in conversation.
b. This is evident in the new ways in which we are communicating today.
1 come up with 〜「~を思いつく」
Linguists have come up with general rules for natural conversation.
「言語学者たちは自然な会話の一般規則を考え出しました。」
2 amount の用法
a. The speaker should give the proper amount of information needed for the conversation.
a. 「話し手は会話に必要とされる適切な量の情報を提示するべきです。」
b. With a certain amount of background knowledge about the culture, you can enjoy your trip to the country.
b. 「その文化に関するある程度の量の背景知識があれば,あなたはその国の旅行を楽しむことができます。」
c. His loan amounts to about 30 million yen.
c. 「彼の借金はおよそ 3,000 万円に達します。」
3 involved「 関係している」
a. Depending on the circumstances and the people involved, people bend the rules slightly.
a. 「会話の状況や会話にかかわる人によっては,人は若干その規則を曲げます。」
b. We must be careful regarding the risks involved in a trade.
b. 「取引に伴う危険については注意深くなくてはなりません。」
4 多義語serve
a. The man has served his country for twenty years.
a. 「その男性は 20 年間自分の国に尽くしました。」
b. Depending on the situation, this sentence may serve a variety of needs.
b. 「状況によって,この文はさまざまな必要性を満たす可能性があります。」
c. What kind of dessert do they serve?
c. 「どのような種類のデザートが出されますか。」
d. The sentence may also serve as an invitation.
d. 「その文は招待としての役割も果たしているかもしれないのです。」
5 〈 not ... until〔 till〕 S+ V〉「S が Vするまで…ない,Sが V して初めて…する」
a. I was not happy until I left the park.
a. 「私は遊園地を出て行くまでつまらなかったです。」
b. It was not until I became twenty that I began to eat tomatoes.
(= I did not
begin to eat tomatoes until I became twenty.)
b. 「私は 20 歳になって初めてトマトを食べ始めました。」
6 Would you mind ...ing?「…していただけませんか」
Would you mind opening the window?
cf. Would you mind my opening the window?
「窓を開けていただいても構いませんか?」
cf.「(私が)窓を開けてもよろしいですか?」
7 the way(s) in which ...「…する方法」
a. The examples are just some of the ways in which people choose to express themselves in conversation.
a. 「それらの例は人々が会話の中で自分の考えを表すことにするいくつかの方法にすぎません。」
b. This is evident in the new ways in which we are communicating today.
b. 「これは,私たちが今日コミュニケーションしている新しい方法の中で明らかになっています。」