英語長文読解 プラクシス(Praxis) Level2 読解へのアプローチ
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Dog
© Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Script
Dogs are very social mammals. They are among the most popular animals in the world. Dogs are part of the group of animals called canines. Other canines include wolves, foxes, and coyotes. Dogs descended from wolves. There are many different breeds of dog, but they are all considered one species. People around the world have kept dogs as work animals and as pets for thousands of years. The different breeds are each known for certain characteristics. For example, some dogs are good for herding, whereas others are good guard dogs. Many are simply good companions for people. Today, there are more than 400 breeds of domestic dog. Common breeds include Labradors, bulldogs, German shepherds, and golden retrievers. Mixed-breed dogs are common. The range of mixed breeds adds to dogs’ variety. Dogs have sharp teeth, excellent hearing, and a keen sense of smell—much better than that of humans. Dogs bark, howl, and whine to communicate. They wag their tails when happy and growl when they are angry or feel threatened. Unlike humans, dogs do not cool off by sweating. Instead, if they are hot, they hang their tongues out of their mouth and pant. Dogs are naturally meat eaters, or carnivores. Wild dogs eat animals, but pet dogs are usually fed dog food made from meat and plant products. Dogs are clever animals. They can be trained to follow commands and to perform tricks. They are good at hunting, tracking, and farmwork. Some dogs help police and other law-enforcement personnel. Others work as guide dogs for blind people. Young dogs are called puppies. Puppies are energetic and playful. Two to 12 puppies may be born at one time in what’s called a litter. Newborn puppies are blind and deaf. They depend on their mothers for food and care. Dogs typically live for 10 to 15 years.